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Getting things done on The Command Line
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Prepared for COSSFest 2009 by
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Mark Carlson
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carlsonmark@gmail.com
http://mcarlson.ca/cossfest2009


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Main points:

	Navigating the command line
	Learning to use the tools
	Useful commands
	Other tips

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Navigating: Index

	Moving the cursor
	Killing / Yanking
	Repeat, undo, and more
	Process management

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Navigating: Moving the cursor

	Arrow keys don't always work (on every machine) but you can still get around!
	Emacs Style Notation (man bash "readline")
		C-x = Control - x
		M-x = Meta (Esc) - x
		S-x = Super - x
		M-C-x = Meta - Control - x
	Up / Down [history] (C-p, C-n)
	Left / Right (C-b, C-f)
	Home / End (C-a, C-e)
	Back / Forward Word (M-f, M-b)
	Tab Completion
	Cancel (C-c)

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Navigating: Killing / Yanking

	The kill ring
	kill-line [cut] (C-k)
	unix-word-rubout [cut] (C-w)
	Yanking [paste] (C-y)

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Navigating: Repeat, Undo, and More

	undo (C-_)
	M-# (Repeat next command # count times)
	history
	reverse-search-history (C-r)
	beginning-of-history (M-<)
	end-of-history (M->)
	Escaping characters (\ , \\, \', etc.)

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Navigating: Process Management

	Kill process (C-c)
	Suspend process (C-z)
	Logout / Exit (C-d)
	jobs / bg / fg / &
	top, ps
	kill, killall
	Signals
	Multiple Commands (;, &&, ||)
	Piping (|)

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Learning the tools: Index

	Making notes
	Pagers (more/less)
	Man pages
	-h --help, etc.
	When all else fails...

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Learning the tools: Making Notes

	Use what works for you!
		Text files: ~/notes/tool.txt
		Multi-document text editor (kate, gedit)
		Personal Wiki / CMS
		Email / Google Docs
	Do not over-document:
		Used the man page
		Looked it up online
		Took more than a minute to figure out
	Use notes more like a cookbook

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Learning the tools: Pagers

	More / Less
	Arrow keys (don't always work!)
		Next line(s) (C-n)
		Prev line(s) (C-p)
		Next half-page (Space)
		Prev half-page (C-u)
		End of file (>)
		Home of file (<)
	Searching! (/)
		Case insensitive (-i)
	Multiple files
		Next file (:n)
		Previous flie (:p)
	Help (h)
	Quit (q)

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Learning the tools: Man pages / -h

	Use your pager skills
	Man page levels [kill(2) = man 2 kill]
	man -k (apropos) [mount, for example]
	man -f (whatis)
	Not just for commands [smb.conf(5)]
	Man pages are not always installed!

	command -h or --help
		May provide a list of available arguments

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Learning the tools: Man pages

	Use your pager skills
	Man page levels [kill(2) = man 2 kill]
	man -k (apropos) [mount, for example]
	man -f (whatis)
	Not just for commands [smb.conf(5)]

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Learning the tools: When all else fails

	/usr/share/doc
	Internet
		Online man pages
			die.net
			Your distribution's website
		Project's website
		Searching keywords: cmdname command line
	Mailing lists
		Project's mailing list
		Linux users group

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Useful commands: Index

	Xterm tips
	System tools
	Utilities
	Multimedia
	Web tools

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Useful commands: Xterm tips

	~/.Xdefaults contents:
		XTerm*background:   black
		XTerm*foreground:   green
		XTerm*highlightColor:  blue
		XTerm*saveLines: 10000
	Ctrl+Click: Main options
	Ctrl+Middle Click: VT Options
	Ctrl+Right Click: VT Fonts

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Useful commands: System Tools

	Disk: mount/umount, df, du, dd
		mount # Shows mounted filesystems
		df -h # Shows disk usage (human readable)
		du -hC *.mp3 # Total size of file list
	Memory: free
	Time: date, hwclock
	Network: ifconfig, route, hostname
	Printing: lpr, lp, pdf2ps

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Useful commands: Utilities

	Editing files:
		nano, emacs, vi, ee, pico, etc.
	tar
		tar xzvf file.tar.gz (or .tgz)
		tar xjvf file.tar.bz2 (or .tbz)
		tar czvf newfile.tgz files...
		tar xzvf ... -C /otherdir
	zip
		unzip file.zip

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Useful commands: Utilities

	screen # manage more than one terminal, and more!
	find # List files
		find /usr -iname "*kate*"
	locate # Find files by name
		locate kate | grep doc
	grep # Search in files
		grep -r scp ~/notes

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Useful commands: Multimedia: Music/Video:

	mplayer (-vo aa, for ASCII!)
		left/right/up/down/pgup/pgdown
		quit (q) pause (space)
	cdio (shell for controlling CD audio)
	cdparanoia -B # Rip CD to wav in current dir
	lame (create mp3s)
		lame infile.wav outfile.mp3
	cdrecord (create cd from audio or data)

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Useful commands: Multimedia: DVD

	Play:
		mplayer dvd://1
	Rip:
		mencoder dvd://1  -mf fps=25 -o /dev/null -ovc xvid -xvidencopts pass=1:bitrate=3000 -vf eq2=1.5 -alang en -oac copy
		mencoder dvd://1  -mf fps=25 -o output.avi -ovc xvid -xvidencopts pass=2:bitrate=3000 -vf eq2=1.5 -alang en -oac copy

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Useful commands: Multimedia: Images:

	ImageMagick:
		display -resize 1280x1024 ...
			(arrow keys, space, backspace to navigate)
		convert -resize 1280x1024 file.jpg output.jpg
	Rotate:
		jhead -autorot *.jpg

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Useful commands: Web Tools

	Download: curl, wget, fetch
	Web: links / lynx
		back (left)
		follow link (right or enter)
		quit (q)
		goto URL (g)
		help (h)
	FTP: ftp
		glob on
		get / put
		mget / mput for multiple files
	Bittorrent: rtorrent
		See man page for commands, it's awesome!

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Useful commands: Web Tools

	Windows share: smbclient, nmblookup, smbmount
		smbtree -N # Show all non-passworded shares!
		nmblookup -M -- - # master browser
		nmblookup -A IP # Find smb name by ip
		smbclient -L //machine # list shares
		smbclient //machine/share
		At the command line, type "help" for a list of commands
	SSH, SCP:
		ssh user@host "commands"
		command > ssh user@host "commands"
		scp file user@host:/remote/location
		scp user@host:"/remote/file/glob/*" /local/location
		ssh -L 8080:mythtv:80 mcarlson.ca
		Escape characters:
			~. Disconnect
			~# List forwarded connections

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Other tips: X.org

	alt+click/drag moves a window
	alt+F2 opens "Run Program" dialog

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Summary: Resources

IRC:
	irc.freenode.net
		##linux (>800 users)
		##ubuntu (>1000 users)	

Internet Search Queries:
	linux command line
	bash1liners
	sed1liners
	Rosetta Stone for Unix
	bash color

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The End.


    Visit
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       http://mcarlson.ca/cossfest2009
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    For a copy of these slides